01 - Preheat the oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or lightly grease with butter.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and caraway seeds until evenly distributed.
03 - In a separate medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, melted butter, and egg until fully combined and smooth.
04 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients. Gently stir with a spatula until just combined—small lumps are fine. Do not overmix.
05 - Gently fold in the raisins or currants until evenly distributed throughout the batter.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 18 to 20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean and the tops are golden brown.
08 - Let the muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Serve warm with butter or jam if desired.